AP Chemistry Summer Assignment 2010.rtf

AP CHEMISTRY FIRST DAY TEST 

The first day, you will have a test covering two things: 1.) Memorizing the information listed later in this document.  2.) stoichiometry calculations from the summer homework (Ch. 3).  You must pass with at least 60% in order to remain enrolled in AP Chemistry.  For the test, you will need to solve problems WITHOUT looking at the following material:

1. Rules for Naming Acids

2. Rules for Naming Ionic Compounds

3. Solubility Rules Group

4. Group 1A, 2A, 5A, 6A and 7A Ions

5. Variable Valences for Transition Metals

6. Polyatomic Ions (including name, symbol and charge)  

7. Metric prefixes and units

8. Prefixes for naming covalent compounds

AP Chemistry is a difficult course.  It is not all about memorization; however, having these items memorized is essential for success in learning the concepts covered in the course.  

If this seems like too much work for the summer, please drop the course.  Advanced Placement Chemistry is a college level course.  You will need to be dedicated and work very hard if you are to be successful.

Example test

1. Name these chemicals:

a. HCl     b. H2SO4     c. HNO2     d. Ba(OH)2     e. SnO2     f. NO2

2. Write the formula of these chemicals:

a. Disulfur pentoxide

b. Tin (II) selenate

c. Iron (II) thiocyanate

d. Phosphoric acid

3. Is ammonium carbonate soluble or insoluble in water?

4. Convert 2 ng to grams.

5. DDT (C₁₄H₉Cl₅), an insecticide harmful to fish, birds, and humans can be produced by reacting chlorobenzene (C₆H₅Cl) with chloral (C₂HOCl₃).  The unbalanced chemical equation is:

C₆H₅Cl + C₂HOCl₃ --> C₁₄H₉Cl₅ + H₂O

If 922 grams chlorobenzene react with 477 grams chloral, determine:

a. The limiting reactant.

b. The theoretical yield of DDT in grams.

c. The percent yield of DDT, if the actual yield of DDT is 198.0 grams.

Example Test Answer Key

Rules for Naming and Acid

When the name of the anion ends in –ide, the acid name begins with the prefix hydro-, the stem of the anion has the suffix –ic and it is followed by the word acid.            

             -ide     becomes hydro _____ic Acid

                                Cl-  is the Chloride ion    so   HCl = hydrochloric acid

When the anion name ends in –ite, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix –ous, followed by the word acid.          

            -ite becomes  ______ous Acid

                                ClO₂^-  is the Chlorite ion  so   HClO₂  = Chlorous acid.

When the anion name ends in –ate, the acid name is the stem of the anion with the suffix –ic, followed by the word acid.          

            -ate becomes  ______ic Acid

                                ClO₃^- is the Chlorate ion  so  HClO₃ = Chloric acid. 

Rules for naming Ionic Compounds

1. Balance Charges (charges should equal zero)

2. Cation is always written first (in name and in formula)

3. Change the ending of the anion to -ide

Solubility Rules  

1. All compounds containing alkali metal cations and the ammonium ion are soluble.
2. All compounds containing NO₃^-, ClO₄^-, ClO₃^-, and C₂H₃O₂^- anions are soluble.
3. All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except those containing Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, or Hg²⁺.
4. All sulfates are soluble except those containing Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ca²⁺, or Ba²⁺.
5. All hydroxides are insoluble except compounds of the alkali metals, Ca²⁺,  Sr²⁺,and Ba²⁺.
6. All compounds containing PO₄^3-, S^2-, CO₃^2-, and SO₃^2- ions are insoluble except those that also contain alkali metals or NH₄⁺.

Group 1A, 2A, 4A, 5A, 6A Ions

Variable Valences For Transition Metals

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Polyatomic Ions

*The above charts taken from: Marcan, Susan P.  "Advanced Placement Chemistry."  Burlingame High School home page.  Online.  May 7, 2010.

 

Metric prefixes

prefix	abbreviation	meaning	power of ten
mega	M	1,000,000	106
kilo	k	1,000	103
deci	d	0.1	10-1
centi	c	0.01	10-2
milli	m	0.001	10-3
micro	μ	0.000 0001	10–6
nano	n	0.000 000 001	10–9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Metric Units

Base unit	abbreviation	quantity measured
meter	m	length
liter	L	volume
gram	g	mass

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Prefixes for naming covalent compounds

 

Number of atoms	Prefix
1	mono
2	di
3	tri
4	tetra
5	penta
6	hexa
7	hepta
8	octa